Važnije viroze i fitoplazmoze paprike u Srbiji

Abstract

Paprika je jedna od najznačajnijih povrtarskih biljnih vrsta u našoj zemlji. Jedan od limitirajućih faktora u proizvodnji ove gajene kulture je pojava virusnih oboljenja, koja imaju direktni uticaj na smanjenje prinosa i kvaliteta plodova. Paprika je opisana kao domaćin više od 60 vrsta virusa različite epidemiologije, dok je kod nas opisano prisustvo većeg broja virusa, ali se kao ekonomski najznačajniji izdvajaju virus mozaika krastavca (Cucumber mosaic virus), virus mozaika duvana (Tobacco mosaic virus), virus mozaika lucerke (Alfalfa mosaic virus), virus crtičastog mozaika krompira (Potato virus Y) i virus bronzavosti paradajza (Tomato spotted wilt virus). U našoj zemlji se virusna oboljenja javljaju svake godine u usevu paprike, a intenzitet zaraza zavisi od vremenskih prilika tokom godine i lokaliteta gajenja. Od tri fitoplazme opisane na paprici u svetu, kod nas su prisutne stolbur i žutilo astera, dok je proliferacija deteline prisutna samo u Španiji. S obzirom na stalno prisustvo i ekonomski značaj viroza i fitoplazmoza u proizvodnji paprike, u radu je dat pregled nekih osobina ekonomski najznačajnijih virusa i fitoplazmi paprike prisutnih u Srbiji.

Pepper is one of the most important vegetable crops in Serbia. Viral diseases, directly influence yield losses and quality, and are the limiting factors in pepper production. More than 60 viruses, with diverse epidemiology, were reported on pepper plants. Several viruses have been described on pepper in Serbia, but Cucumber mosaic virus, Tobacco mosaic virus, Alfalfa mosaic virus, Potato virus Y and Tomato spotted wilt virus are considered as economically important. Viral diseases appear on pepper every year in Serbia, with different severity depending on the year and region. Out of three phytoplasmas known to infect pepper in the world, in Serbia stolbur and aster yellows have been reported, while clover proliferation is present only in Spain. Because of their constant presence and economic impact, review of some of the most important viruses and phytoplasmas of pepper are presented.