Štetočine uskladištenog žita i njihovo suzbijanje
Pests of the stored grains and their control
Апстракт
Uskladišteno žito i proizvode od žita napada i oštećuje veliki broj organizama kao što su insekti, grinje, mikroorganizmi, glodari i ptice. Smatra se da se u svetu, tokom skladištenja, godišnje izgubi oko 15% zrnenih proizvoda, od čega oko 80% prouzrokuju štetni insekti, a oko 10% glodari i ptice. Skladišni insekti se prema načinu života svrstavaju u primarne i sekundarne, gde su primarne štetočine ekonomski najznačajnije, jer napadaju i oštećuju cela zrna i razvijaju se u njima. Najpoznatije vrste iz reda Coleoptera (tvrdokrilci) su: žišci (familija: Curculionidae) i rizoperta (familija: Bostrichidae), a iz reda Lepidoptera (leptiri) moljci iz familija Gelechiidae i Tineidae. Sekundarne štetočine napadaju samo oštećena žita u toku žetve, transporta ili čuvanja u neadekvatnim skladišnim uslovima, ali i proizvode od žita. Od tvrdokrilaca su najvažniji brašnari iz familija Tenebrionidae, Cucujidae i Silvanidae, a od leptira, moljci iz familija: Phycitidae i Pyralidae. Pored insekata, zna...čajne gubitke u skladištu, prozrokuju svojom aktivnošću glodari, od kojih su najprisutnije štetne vrste u skladištima u našoj zemlji: sivi pacov (Rattus norvegicus Berck.), crni ili brodski pacov (Rattus rattus L.) i domaći miš (Mus musculus L.). Kod ptica su najznačajniji domaći vrabac (Paser domesticus), divlji golub (Columba livia) i gačac (Corvus frugilegus). Zaštita uskladištenog žita od štetočina je, danas, usaglašena sa zahtevima međunarodnih standarda kvaliteta i kodeksima: dobra poljoprivredna praksa, dobra proizvođačka praksa, dobra praksa uskladištenja i standard HACCP, i dominantno se oslanja na primenu preventivnih mera i monitoring štetočina, dok se direktno suzbijanje (posebno korišćenje hemijskih metoda zaštite) preduzima samo kada je to neizbežno. Zato su u ovom radu uz prikaz najvažnijih štetočina uskladištenog žita i njihovih osobina date i mogućnosti primene različitih mera, metoda i postupaka suzbijanja koji pojedinačno ili zajedno mogu pozitivno uticati na očuvanje kvaliteta i količinu žita tokom skladištenja.
Stored grain and grain products are attacked and damaged by a great number of organisms such as insects, mites, microorganisms, rodents and birds. It is believed that in the world, the annual loss is about 15% of grain products during storage, of which 80% of damages are caused by harmful insects, and about 10% by rodents and birds. According their lifestyle, storage insects are classified as primary and secondary, where primary pests are economically the most important for they attack and damage whole grains and develop in them. The best known species of the order Coleoptera (beetles) are weevils (family: Curculionidae) and grain borer (family: Bostrichidae), and from the order Lepidoptera (butterflies) worms from families Gelechiidae and Tineidae. Secondary pests attack only damaged grains during harvest, transport or storage in inadequate conditions, but also products from cereals. Among beetles, the most important are flour beetles from families Tenebrionidae, Cucujidae andi Silvan...idae and among butterflies, moths from families Phycitidae and Pyralidae. In addition to insects, significant losses in storage are caused by activity of rodents, of which the most present harmful species in warehouses in our country are: the gray rat (Rattus norvegicus Berck.), Black or ship rat (Rattus rattus L.) and domestic mouse (Mus musculus L.). Among birds the most important are domestic sparrow Paser domesticus, wood pigeon Columba livia and Rook Corvus frugilegus. Nowadays, protection of the stored grain from pests is in compliance with the requirements of international quality standards and codex: good agricultural practices, good agricultural practices, good storage practice and HACCP standard, and it is dominantly relied on use of preventive measures and monitoring of pests, while the direct control (especially use of chemical protection methods) are carried out only when it is inevitable. Therefore, with the outline of the main pests of stored grain and their properties in this paper are also presented possibilities of application of various measures, methods and procedures that individually or together can affect positively on the preservation of grain quality and quantity during storage.
Кључне речи:
suzbijanje / štetočine uskladištenog žita / pests of the stored grain / controlИзвор:
Biljni lekar, 2016, 44, 5-6, 527-540Издавач:
- Univerzitet u Novom Sadu - Poljoprivredni fakultet - Departman za zaštitu bilja i životne sredine "dr Pavla Vukasovića", Novi Sad
Институција
Institut za pesticide i zaštitu životne sredineTY - JOUR AU - Kljajić, Petar AU - Andrić, Goran AU - Pražić-Golić, Marijana AU - Jokić, Goran AU - Vuković, Slavica PY - 2016 UR - https://ripest.pesting.org.rs/handle/123456789/380 AB - Uskladišteno žito i proizvode od žita napada i oštećuje veliki broj organizama kao što su insekti, grinje, mikroorganizmi, glodari i ptice. Smatra se da se u svetu, tokom skladištenja, godišnje izgubi oko 15% zrnenih proizvoda, od čega oko 80% prouzrokuju štetni insekti, a oko 10% glodari i ptice. Skladišni insekti se prema načinu života svrstavaju u primarne i sekundarne, gde su primarne štetočine ekonomski najznačajnije, jer napadaju i oštećuju cela zrna i razvijaju se u njima. Najpoznatije vrste iz reda Coleoptera (tvrdokrilci) su: žišci (familija: Curculionidae) i rizoperta (familija: Bostrichidae), a iz reda Lepidoptera (leptiri) moljci iz familija Gelechiidae i Tineidae. Sekundarne štetočine napadaju samo oštećena žita u toku žetve, transporta ili čuvanja u neadekvatnim skladišnim uslovima, ali i proizvode od žita. Od tvrdokrilaca su najvažniji brašnari iz familija Tenebrionidae, Cucujidae i Silvanidae, a od leptira, moljci iz familija: Phycitidae i Pyralidae. Pored insekata, značajne gubitke u skladištu, prozrokuju svojom aktivnošću glodari, od kojih su najprisutnije štetne vrste u skladištima u našoj zemlji: sivi pacov (Rattus norvegicus Berck.), crni ili brodski pacov (Rattus rattus L.) i domaći miš (Mus musculus L.). Kod ptica su najznačajniji domaći vrabac (Paser domesticus), divlji golub (Columba livia) i gačac (Corvus frugilegus). Zaštita uskladištenog žita od štetočina je, danas, usaglašena sa zahtevima međunarodnih standarda kvaliteta i kodeksima: dobra poljoprivredna praksa, dobra proizvođačka praksa, dobra praksa uskladištenja i standard HACCP, i dominantno se oslanja na primenu preventivnih mera i monitoring štetočina, dok se direktno suzbijanje (posebno korišćenje hemijskih metoda zaštite) preduzima samo kada je to neizbežno. Zato su u ovom radu uz prikaz najvažnijih štetočina uskladištenog žita i njihovih osobina date i mogućnosti primene različitih mera, metoda i postupaka suzbijanja koji pojedinačno ili zajedno mogu pozitivno uticati na očuvanje kvaliteta i količinu žita tokom skladištenja. AB - Stored grain and grain products are attacked and damaged by a great number of organisms such as insects, mites, microorganisms, rodents and birds. It is believed that in the world, the annual loss is about 15% of grain products during storage, of which 80% of damages are caused by harmful insects, and about 10% by rodents and birds. According their lifestyle, storage insects are classified as primary and secondary, where primary pests are economically the most important for they attack and damage whole grains and develop in them. The best known species of the order Coleoptera (beetles) are weevils (family: Curculionidae) and grain borer (family: Bostrichidae), and from the order Lepidoptera (butterflies) worms from families Gelechiidae and Tineidae. Secondary pests attack only damaged grains during harvest, transport or storage in inadequate conditions, but also products from cereals. Among beetles, the most important are flour beetles from families Tenebrionidae, Cucujidae andi Silvanidae and among butterflies, moths from families Phycitidae and Pyralidae. In addition to insects, significant losses in storage are caused by activity of rodents, of which the most present harmful species in warehouses in our country are: the gray rat (Rattus norvegicus Berck.), Black or ship rat (Rattus rattus L.) and domestic mouse (Mus musculus L.). Among birds the most important are domestic sparrow Paser domesticus, wood pigeon Columba livia and Rook Corvus frugilegus. Nowadays, protection of the stored grain from pests is in compliance with the requirements of international quality standards and codex: good agricultural practices, good agricultural practices, good storage practice and HACCP standard, and it is dominantly relied on use of preventive measures and monitoring of pests, while the direct control (especially use of chemical protection methods) are carried out only when it is inevitable. Therefore, with the outline of the main pests of stored grain and their properties in this paper are also presented possibilities of application of various measures, methods and procedures that individually or together can affect positively on the preservation of grain quality and quantity during storage. PB - Univerzitet u Novom Sadu - Poljoprivredni fakultet - Departman za zaštitu bilja i životne sredine "dr Pavla Vukasovića", Novi Sad T2 - Biljni lekar T1 - Štetočine uskladištenog žita i njihovo suzbijanje T1 - Pests of the stored grains and their control EP - 540 IS - 5-6 SP - 527 VL - 44 UR - conv_123 ER -
@article{ author = "Kljajić, Petar and Andrić, Goran and Pražić-Golić, Marijana and Jokić, Goran and Vuković, Slavica", year = "2016", abstract = "Uskladišteno žito i proizvode od žita napada i oštećuje veliki broj organizama kao što su insekti, grinje, mikroorganizmi, glodari i ptice. Smatra se da se u svetu, tokom skladištenja, godišnje izgubi oko 15% zrnenih proizvoda, od čega oko 80% prouzrokuju štetni insekti, a oko 10% glodari i ptice. Skladišni insekti se prema načinu života svrstavaju u primarne i sekundarne, gde su primarne štetočine ekonomski najznačajnije, jer napadaju i oštećuju cela zrna i razvijaju se u njima. Najpoznatije vrste iz reda Coleoptera (tvrdokrilci) su: žišci (familija: Curculionidae) i rizoperta (familija: Bostrichidae), a iz reda Lepidoptera (leptiri) moljci iz familija Gelechiidae i Tineidae. Sekundarne štetočine napadaju samo oštećena žita u toku žetve, transporta ili čuvanja u neadekvatnim skladišnim uslovima, ali i proizvode od žita. Od tvrdokrilaca su najvažniji brašnari iz familija Tenebrionidae, Cucujidae i Silvanidae, a od leptira, moljci iz familija: Phycitidae i Pyralidae. Pored insekata, značajne gubitke u skladištu, prozrokuju svojom aktivnošću glodari, od kojih su najprisutnije štetne vrste u skladištima u našoj zemlji: sivi pacov (Rattus norvegicus Berck.), crni ili brodski pacov (Rattus rattus L.) i domaći miš (Mus musculus L.). Kod ptica su najznačajniji domaći vrabac (Paser domesticus), divlji golub (Columba livia) i gačac (Corvus frugilegus). Zaštita uskladištenog žita od štetočina je, danas, usaglašena sa zahtevima međunarodnih standarda kvaliteta i kodeksima: dobra poljoprivredna praksa, dobra proizvođačka praksa, dobra praksa uskladištenja i standard HACCP, i dominantno se oslanja na primenu preventivnih mera i monitoring štetočina, dok se direktno suzbijanje (posebno korišćenje hemijskih metoda zaštite) preduzima samo kada je to neizbežno. Zato su u ovom radu uz prikaz najvažnijih štetočina uskladištenog žita i njihovih osobina date i mogućnosti primene različitih mera, metoda i postupaka suzbijanja koji pojedinačno ili zajedno mogu pozitivno uticati na očuvanje kvaliteta i količinu žita tokom skladištenja., Stored grain and grain products are attacked and damaged by a great number of organisms such as insects, mites, microorganisms, rodents and birds. It is believed that in the world, the annual loss is about 15% of grain products during storage, of which 80% of damages are caused by harmful insects, and about 10% by rodents and birds. According their lifestyle, storage insects are classified as primary and secondary, where primary pests are economically the most important for they attack and damage whole grains and develop in them. The best known species of the order Coleoptera (beetles) are weevils (family: Curculionidae) and grain borer (family: Bostrichidae), and from the order Lepidoptera (butterflies) worms from families Gelechiidae and Tineidae. Secondary pests attack only damaged grains during harvest, transport or storage in inadequate conditions, but also products from cereals. Among beetles, the most important are flour beetles from families Tenebrionidae, Cucujidae andi Silvanidae and among butterflies, moths from families Phycitidae and Pyralidae. In addition to insects, significant losses in storage are caused by activity of rodents, of which the most present harmful species in warehouses in our country are: the gray rat (Rattus norvegicus Berck.), Black or ship rat (Rattus rattus L.) and domestic mouse (Mus musculus L.). Among birds the most important are domestic sparrow Paser domesticus, wood pigeon Columba livia and Rook Corvus frugilegus. Nowadays, protection of the stored grain from pests is in compliance with the requirements of international quality standards and codex: good agricultural practices, good agricultural practices, good storage practice and HACCP standard, and it is dominantly relied on use of preventive measures and monitoring of pests, while the direct control (especially use of chemical protection methods) are carried out only when it is inevitable. Therefore, with the outline of the main pests of stored grain and their properties in this paper are also presented possibilities of application of various measures, methods and procedures that individually or together can affect positively on the preservation of grain quality and quantity during storage.", publisher = "Univerzitet u Novom Sadu - Poljoprivredni fakultet - Departman za zaštitu bilja i životne sredine "dr Pavla Vukasovića", Novi Sad", journal = "Biljni lekar", title = "Štetočine uskladištenog žita i njihovo suzbijanje, Pests of the stored grains and their control", pages = "540-527", number = "5-6", volume = "44", url = "conv_123" }
Kljajić, P., Andrić, G., Pražić-Golić, M., Jokić, G.,& Vuković, S.. (2016). Štetočine uskladištenog žita i njihovo suzbijanje. in Biljni lekar Univerzitet u Novom Sadu - Poljoprivredni fakultet - Departman za zaštitu bilja i životne sredine "dr Pavla Vukasovića", Novi Sad., 44(5-6), 527-540. conv_123
Kljajić P, Andrić G, Pražić-Golić M, Jokić G, Vuković S. Štetočine uskladištenog žita i njihovo suzbijanje. in Biljni lekar. 2016;44(5-6):527-540. conv_123 .
Kljajić, Petar, Andrić, Goran, Pražić-Golić, Marijana, Jokić, Goran, Vuković, Slavica, "Štetočine uskladištenog žita i njihovo suzbijanje" in Biljni lekar, 44, no. 5-6 (2016):527-540, conv_123 .