Phytoplasma and phytoplasma diseases: a review of recent research
Apstrakt
Numerous yellows-type diseases of plants have been associated with wall-less prokaryote pathogens - phytoplasmas over the last 40 years. These pathogens are not grown in axenic culture till now so that advances it) their study are mainly achieved by molecular techniques. Severe disease epidemics associated with phytoplasma presence have been described worldwide. These include coconut lethal yellowing in Africa and the Caribbean, grapevine yellows in major viticultural areas and various diseases affecting stone and pome fruit plants. Phytoplasma-infected plants exhibit symptoms suggesting a profound disturbance in the normal balance of growth regulators and also yellows symptoms, but very often the symptomatology is not diagnostic. Detection and characterization of phytoplasmas infecting different plant species are now possible with molecular methods, based on the study of 16S rDNA polymorphisms. Molecular diversity of phytoplasmas is also demonstrated by studying genes coding the ribos...omal proteins S3, tuf, SecY, amp, imp and other genes. Four phytoplasma genomes have been fully sequenced, including those of two 'Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris' strains, and those of strains of 'Ca. P. mali' and 'Ca. P. australiense'. Three of these genomes contain large amounts of repeated DNA sequence, and the fourth carries multiple copies of almost 100 genes. Considering that phytoplasmas have unusually small genomes, these repeats might be related to their transkingdom habitat and to their pathogenic activity. An outlook of recent findings in the field is also reported.
Ključne reči:
plant-host interaction / plant diseases / phytoplasma / detection / classificationIzvor:
Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 2009, 48, 3, 355-378Izdavač:
- Firenze University Press
Institucija
Institut za pesticide i zaštitu životne sredineTY - JOUR AU - Bertaccini, Assunta AU - Duduk, Bojan PY - 2009 UR - https://ripest.pesting.org.rs/handle/123456789/105 AB - Numerous yellows-type diseases of plants have been associated with wall-less prokaryote pathogens - phytoplasmas over the last 40 years. These pathogens are not grown in axenic culture till now so that advances it) their study are mainly achieved by molecular techniques. Severe disease epidemics associated with phytoplasma presence have been described worldwide. These include coconut lethal yellowing in Africa and the Caribbean, grapevine yellows in major viticultural areas and various diseases affecting stone and pome fruit plants. Phytoplasma-infected plants exhibit symptoms suggesting a profound disturbance in the normal balance of growth regulators and also yellows symptoms, but very often the symptomatology is not diagnostic. Detection and characterization of phytoplasmas infecting different plant species are now possible with molecular methods, based on the study of 16S rDNA polymorphisms. Molecular diversity of phytoplasmas is also demonstrated by studying genes coding the ribosomal proteins S3, tuf, SecY, amp, imp and other genes. Four phytoplasma genomes have been fully sequenced, including those of two 'Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris' strains, and those of strains of 'Ca. P. mali' and 'Ca. P. australiense'. Three of these genomes contain large amounts of repeated DNA sequence, and the fourth carries multiple copies of almost 100 genes. Considering that phytoplasmas have unusually small genomes, these repeats might be related to their transkingdom habitat and to their pathogenic activity. An outlook of recent findings in the field is also reported. PB - Firenze University Press T2 - Phytopathologia Mediterranea T1 - Phytoplasma and phytoplasma diseases: a review of recent research EP - 378 IS - 3 SP - 355 VL - 48 UR - conv_690 ER -
@article{ author = "Bertaccini, Assunta and Duduk, Bojan", year = "2009", abstract = "Numerous yellows-type diseases of plants have been associated with wall-less prokaryote pathogens - phytoplasmas over the last 40 years. These pathogens are not grown in axenic culture till now so that advances it) their study are mainly achieved by molecular techniques. Severe disease epidemics associated with phytoplasma presence have been described worldwide. These include coconut lethal yellowing in Africa and the Caribbean, grapevine yellows in major viticultural areas and various diseases affecting stone and pome fruit plants. Phytoplasma-infected plants exhibit symptoms suggesting a profound disturbance in the normal balance of growth regulators and also yellows symptoms, but very often the symptomatology is not diagnostic. Detection and characterization of phytoplasmas infecting different plant species are now possible with molecular methods, based on the study of 16S rDNA polymorphisms. Molecular diversity of phytoplasmas is also demonstrated by studying genes coding the ribosomal proteins S3, tuf, SecY, amp, imp and other genes. Four phytoplasma genomes have been fully sequenced, including those of two 'Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris' strains, and those of strains of 'Ca. P. mali' and 'Ca. P. australiense'. Three of these genomes contain large amounts of repeated DNA sequence, and the fourth carries multiple copies of almost 100 genes. Considering that phytoplasmas have unusually small genomes, these repeats might be related to their transkingdom habitat and to their pathogenic activity. An outlook of recent findings in the field is also reported.", publisher = "Firenze University Press", journal = "Phytopathologia Mediterranea", title = "Phytoplasma and phytoplasma diseases: a review of recent research", pages = "378-355", number = "3", volume = "48", url = "conv_690" }
Bertaccini, A.,& Duduk, B.. (2009). Phytoplasma and phytoplasma diseases: a review of recent research. in Phytopathologia Mediterranea Firenze University Press., 48(3), 355-378. conv_690
Bertaccini A, Duduk B. Phytoplasma and phytoplasma diseases: a review of recent research. in Phytopathologia Mediterranea. 2009;48(3):355-378. conv_690 .
Bertaccini, Assunta, Duduk, Bojan, "Phytoplasma and phytoplasma diseases: a review of recent research" in Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 48, no. 3 (2009):355-378, conv_690 .